RMS, Peak and Peak-to-Peak Calculator
RMS and peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave from its peak. With the formula, a worked example and typical values.
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Estimate only. Not engineering or safety advice. Check the result against the applicable standard and the equipment data, and have a competent engineer review it before it is relied on. Terms of use.
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About this calculator
This page calculates RMS voltage and peak-to-peak from peak voltage. Change any value or its unit and the result updates. The steps below show the working for the default values, so you can check each line against your own method.
Limits of this calculator
Other waveforms have different crest factors.
Cross-check: 6 reference cases, calculated from textbook formulas coded separately from the engine by the same author, agree with this calculator. This is not an independent review.
Verification status: Engineering reference
Engineering reference. Formula and method documented and tested against separately coded reference calculations. Not yet Verified: the evidence listed on this page is still needed.
What this calculator checks
- The arithmetic of the published formula for the values you entered, in the units shown.
What remains unverified
- That the inputs suit your application. Take ratings, resistances and constants from the manufacturer data sheet or project specification.
Verification register entry
| Calculation author | Rahul Sharma (author) |
|---|---|
| Technical review | No independent technical review has been carried out |
| Individual professional approval | Not recorded |
| Formula reference | not recorded |
| Standard and edition | Not applicable: Textbook circuit identity (Ohm's law, power, series/parallel, AC circuit theory); no governing standard |
| Standard review state | Not applicable |
| Scope-screening note | not recorded |
| Cross-check test cases | 6 reference vectors (tests/reference_vectors.json) |
| Review date | not recorded |
| Next review date | not recorded |
| Status | Engineering reference |
Needed before this calculator can be marked Verified: reviewer name, qualification and review date; exact formula reference; formula source (textbook or standard); next review date.
Formula
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Peak voltage | 325 V |
- Vrms = 325 / √2 = 229.8097 V
- Vpp = 2 × 325 = 650 V
Assumptions
- Pure sine wave, no DC offset
Other waveforms have different crest factors.
Inputs and results
| Input | Unit | Allowed or shown | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak voltage | V | greater than 0 V |
| Result | Unit | Allowed or shown | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| RMS voltage | V | Shown to 2 decimal places | |
| Peak-to-peak | V | Shown to 1 decimal place |
How it is calculated
Each input is converted to the base unit of its quantity, the formula above is applied in the order shown in the worked example, and each result is shown in the unit you choose. Results are held at full precision and rounded only for display, except where a step selects a standard size, as the worked example shows. A value outside its allowed range is refused with a message instead of giving a result.
How the result changes with peak voltage
| Peak voltage (V) | RMS voltage (V) | Peak-to-peak (V) |
|---|---|---|
| 32.5 | 22.98 | 65 |
| 81.3 | 57.49 | 162.6 |
| 163 | 115.26 | 326 |
| 325 | 229.81 | 650 |
| 650 | 459.62 | 1,300 |
| 1,300 | 919.24 | 2,600 |
| 3,250 | 2,298.1 | 6,500 |
Other inputs are the same as in the worked example above.
Standards and further reading
These are textbook relationships (Ohm's law, series and parallel networks, AC phasors, three-phase quantities). No standard sets the method; standards apply when the result feeds a design, for example cable or protection selection.
Frequently asked questions
What do I need to enter?
Enter peak voltage. Change the unit of a value with its selector and the result stays the same.
What does this calculator assume?
Pure sine wave, no DC offset.
Which calculators should I use next?
Common next steps are Frequency and Period and Ohm's Law. The related links at the bottom of this page open them.
How accurate are the results?
Every figure comes from the same tested engine as the Elecmetric calculators and is meant for estimating. 6 reference cases, calculated from textbook formulas coded separately from the engine by the same author, agree with this calculator. This is not an independent review. Check design values against the standard and the equipment data you work to.
Formula guides and reference
Longer explanations with worked examples and tables, written for the same topic.
- RMS, Peak and Average Value Formulas: RMS, peak, peak-to-peak and average value formulas for sine, square and triangle waves, form factor and crest factor
- Duty Cycle and RMS Load Formulas: Duty cycle formulas: the RMS current of a load that changes with time, the average current and the duty factor
- AC Circuit Formulas: Reactance and Impedance: AC circuit formulas: RMS and peak, frequency and period, inductive and capacitive reactance
More Electrical Fundamentals calculatorsAll engineering calculatorsRMS, Peak and Peak-to-Peak in Elecmetric